Addiction trajectories

Thrust - Limited Optimal Three - Dimensional Spacecraft Trajectories

Several optimal three-dimensional orbital transfer problems are solved for thrust-limited spacecrafts using collocation and nonlinear programming techniques. The solutions for full nonlinear equations of motion are obtained where the integrals of the free Keplerian motion in three dimensions are utilized for coasting arcs. In order to limit the solution space, interior-point constraints are use...

Trajectories 449 Dynamical Trajectories and Curvature Trajectories

Convergence of trajectories in infinite horizon optimization

In this paper, we investigate the convergence of a sequence of minimizing trajectories in infinite horizon optimization problems. The convergence is considered in the sense of ideals and their particular case called the statistical convergence. The optimality is defined as a total cost over the infinite horizon.

Addiction

In the United States, 21.6 million individuals older than 12 are diagnosed with abuse or dependence to drugs and/or alcohol each year [1]. Consequently, direct and indirect costs to society stemming from addiction total more than $700 billion annually in the United States alone [1]. Addiction to drugs and alcohol has long been recognized as a mental health disorder, appearing in some form in th...

Addiction.

The development of addiction involves a transition from casual to compulsive patterns of drug use. This transition to addiction is accompanied by many drug-induced changes in the brain and associated changes in psychological functions. In this article we present a critical analysis of the major theoretical explanations of how drug-induced alterations in psychological function might cause a tran...